GEDCOM: The Universal Standard for Exchanging Genealogical Data

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GEDCOM | The Universal Standard for Family History Data

Introduction to GEDCOM

GEDCOM stands for Genealogical Data Communication. GEDCOM is a universal file format that lets you share data across multiple family history programs. Originally software developed by the Family History Department of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, GEDCOM acts like a bridge. It lets you share research data without having to copy each detail manually.

The GEDCOM format is a simple text structure. It keeps your birth date, family relationships, and other facts in a clear system.

Most family history applications recognize the GEDCOM file, letting you move data from one place to another. This data sharing is vital for preserving existing data when you switch tools. In short, GEDCOM helps genealogists keep high-quality files that can travel anywhere.

Key GEDCOM Versions

Over the years, several versions have emerged. However, GEDCOM 5.5.1 remains the most common one. Many platforms use this version because it enjoys widespread support. It includes crucial specification details that help ensure your family tree data moves smoothly between systems.

Recently, the FamilySearch group introduced GEDCOM 7.0. This newer edition offers better multimedia handling and improved encoding. Still, some organizations stick with GEDCOM 5.5.1 to maintain a broad ability to work across different platforms.

These performance specifications might change slightly. However, the main goal is still the same. You should keep your data set consistent and easy to share.

In older and newer forms, a technical specification like GEDCOM helps genealogists save and exchange specific data. Each version might tweak how it records births, marriages, or places. Yet, all remain dedicated to the same purpose: accurate transfer of your family history.

Why GEDCOM Matters for Your Family Tree

GEDCOM makes it easy to transfer data between platforms and preserve your findings. Without it, you could lose precious facts—like birth date or marriage location—when moving your research data to new software. When you keep a GEDCOM file, you control your work and avoid dependence on a single website or app.

Our internal survey involved 737 respondents. They recognized Ancestry (83%), My Heritage (57%), and FamilySearch (40%) as top choices for managing and storing family trees. These sites all allow data sharing or GEDCOM export. That means your existing data remains accessible if you switch services.

Collaboration is also simpler when you share the same data set. Relatives or fellow researchers can see exactly what you have, lowering confusion.

GEDCOM Specification & Best Practices

A core strength of GEDCOM is its specification requires format. This specification document outlines how to write family details in a structured text file. Each line has a level number and a short tag (like INDI for individuals).

This format ensures detailed descriptions. It captures names, events, and relationships in a standard style. Specification writing also sets rules for unique IDs, so software can match people correctly.

When working with GEDCOM, keep these best practices in mind:

• Validate Your GEDCOM
  Always check that your file meets the performance specifications. A validator helps confirm the file follows the official technical specification. You can use tools like GEDCOM Validator to check your file.
• Use Clear Dates and Places
  Write each birth date or location in a consistent format. This avoids confusion when another tool imports the file.
• Avoid Duplicate Records
  If you merge data from multiple sources, watch for repeated ancestors. Overlaps can clutter your tree, so use a merge tool that recognizes specific data overlaps.
• Back-Up Often
  Export your family tree regularly to protect it. If something goes wrong, you can restore from a recent copy. This habit also helps with data management whenever you need to switch software.
• Track Sources
  Good citations lead to high-quality results. Include references in your GEDCOM whenever possible, so that others can see how you arrived at each fact. Proper documentation leads to stronger family research.

By following these steps, you will reduce errors. You’ll also ensure your research data remains accurate when passed to relatives or stored on a new platform.

Resources & Further Reading

Several sites and tools support GEDCOM. They offer detailed descriptions, guidance, and tips:

• FamilySearch GEDCOM Resources: Learn how FamilySearch uses GEDCOM to encourage global data sharing and keep a unified family tree.
• Ancestry & My Heritage: Both sites let you export and import GEDCOM 5.5.1 files, simplifying data management.
• KittyCooper.com & Fhug.org.uk: These resources provide step-by-step guides to refine a GEDCOM file, handle merges, and compare genealogical data sets.
• FileFormat.com & Ancestris.org: Check their how-to articles for quick pointers on specification details. They explain how each software-developed approach treats a GEDCOM file.

If you need specialized editing, some tools verify if your file meets the technical specifications. Others can generate a tree website from your GEDCOM. With so many options, it’s easy to find a method that fits your needs and skill level.

Conclusion

GEDCOM remains the backbone of genealogical data communication. It preserves your research data and keeps it ready for transfer into any supported software.

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